Washington: President Donald Trump’s bans on two popular Chinese social media apps — TikTok and WeChat — are the latest moves in an escalating US-China rift, and point to a future where technology and innovation are increasingly walled behind political barriers.
In China, the Communist Party has long limited what foreign tech companies can do. It blocks access to major US internet services, like Google and Facebook, along with thousands of websites operated by news organisations and human rights, pro-democracy and other activist groups. Those restrictions have helped nurture homegrown tech giants that in recent years have started expanding, and even dominating, outside China. Now the US and other countries are putting their own limits on China.
The executive orders from the White House are vague. But experts said they appear intended to bar TikTok and WeChat from the app stores run by Apple and Google when the orders take effect in 45 days. That would make them more difficult to use in the US.
“This is a pretty broad and pretty quick expansion of the technology cold war between the US and China,” said Steven Weber, faculty director for the University of California, Berkeley Center for Long-Term Cybersecurity.
The Trump administration has been hawkish against China. A big example is Huawei, the world’s biggest maker of smartphones and network equipment, and China’s first global tech brand. Washington has moved to cut off Huawei Technologies Ltd’s access to chips and other technology, tried to push allies away from Huawei and barred US government funds from being used to pay for Huawei equipment in US networks, citing security concerns.
The Trump administration has also blocked Chinese buyers from acquiring US companies. Now it’s going after popular services used by millions globally. The effort is driven not only by security concerns but also Trump’s anger at Beijing, blaming China for the coronavirus pandemic and for hurting his re-election chances, according to two White House officials not authorised to speak publicly about private deliberations.
We are entering an era of an increasingly bifurcated internet, where it may become more difficult for Chinese information companies to succeed outside of China, said Lindsay Gorman, a fellow specializing in emerging technologies at the Alliance for Securing Democracy.
China’s so-called Great Firewall has allowed Chinese internet powerhouses like e-commerce giant Alibaba, social media company Baidu and WeChat owner Tencent, which makes most of its money from online games and entertainment in China, to amass hundreds of millions of users — in some cases over a billion.
For context, Facebook says it has more than 3 billion users across its various apps, including Instagram and WhatsApp and Messenger. But Bytedance’s TikTok has run into obstacles outside China. In the US, where TikTok says it has 100 million users, it may have to sell to Microsoft because of the US government’s national-security concerns. China’s authoritarian government can demand access to data from companies, a concern that has also dogged Huawei. TikTok maintains that it does not share user data with the Chinese government nor censor content at its request.
It suggested it would sue to make sure it and its user were “treated fairly.” WeChat, which has more than 1 billion users, is less well-known than TikTok to Americans without a connection to China. Mobile research firm Sensor Tower estimates about 19 million US downloads of the app. But it is crucial infrastructure for Chinese students and residents in the US to connect with friends and family in China, as well as for anyone who does business with China.